The effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy and Emotion Regulation Training on Irritability, Depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation in adolescents with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Department of psychology, Payame Noor university, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

3 . Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

Abstract

Abstract
Introduction: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is characterized by irritability and frequent anger attacks. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotion regulation training on irritability, depression, anxiety, stress and emotion regulation in adolescents with DMDD.
Method: This study was designed and conducted as a semi-experimental study (pre-test and post-test with control group). the statistical population was all students with symptoms of DMDD in Shahroud in the year 96-97. The sample of this study consisted of 45 male students with symptoms of DMDD who were selected in a purposeful manner. Emotional Excitement Index, Emotional Adjustment Scale, and Depression Anxiety Scale were used for data collection.
Results: The results showed that cognitive behavioral therapy and emotion regulation training were effective in reducing depression, anxiety and irritability. The results of the post hoc test showed that the mean scores of the experimental groups in the studied variables were significantly lower than the control group. Emotion regulation training significantly was more effective in reducing depressive symptoms than cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Conclusion: The results suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy and emotional regulation training can modulate depression, anxiety and irritability in adolescents.
Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, emotional regulation, DMDD, irritability, anxiety, depression, stress

Keywords

References

منابع
1. Brotman MA, Kircanski K, Stringaris A, Pine DS, Leibenluft E. Irritability in Youths: A Translational Model. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2017;174(6):520-32.
2. Vidal-Ribas P, Brotman MA, Valdivieso I, Leibenluft E, Stringaris A. The Status of Irritability in Psychiatry: A Conceptual and Quantitative Review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;55(7):556-70.
3. Toohey MJ, DiGiuseppe R. Defining and measuring irritability: Construct clarification and differentiation. Clinical Psychology Review. 2017;53:93-108.
4. Copeland WE, Angold A, Costello EJ, Egger H. Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Correlates of DSM-5 Proposed Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;170(2):173-9.
5. Althoff RR, Crehan ET, He J-P, Burstein M, Hudziak JJ, Merikangas KR. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder at Ages 13–18: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey—Adolescent Supplement. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2016;26(2):107-13.
6. Stringaris A, Vidal-Ribas P, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E. Practitioner Review: Definition, recognition, and treatment challenges of irritability in young people. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2018;59(7):721-39.
7. MacLeod C, Mathews A. Cognitive Bias Modification Approaches to Anxiety. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2012;8(1):189-217.
8. Wilkowski BM, Robinson MD. The Cognitive Basis of Trait Anger and Reactive Aggression: An Integrative Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2007;12(1):3-21.
9. Brotman MA, Rich BA, Guyer AE, Lunsford JR, Horsey SE, Reising MM, et al. Amygdala Activation During Emotion Processing of Neutral Faces in Children With Severe Mood Dysregulation Versus ADHD or Bipolar Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2010;167(1):61-9.
10. Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and
 
depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences. 2006;40(8):1659-69.
11. Berking M, Orth U, Wupperman P, Meier LL, Caspar F. Prospective effects of emotion-regulation skills on emotional adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2008;55(4):485-94.
12. Yoo SH, Matsumoto D, LeRoux JA. The influence of emotion recognition and emotion regulation on intercultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 2006;30(3):345-63.
13. Gross JJ, John OP. Wise emotion regulation. The wisdom in feeling: Psychological processes in emotional intelligence. Emotions and social behavior. New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press; 2002. p. 297-319.
14. Miller L, Hlastala SA, Mufson L, Leibenluft E, Yenokyan G, Riddle M. Interpersonal psychotherapy for mood and behavior dysregulation: Pilot randomized trial. Depression and Anxiety. 2018;35(6):574-82.
15. Waxmonsky JG, Waschbusch DA, Belin P, Li T, Babocsai L, Humphery H, et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of an Integrative Group Therapy for Children With Severe Mood Dysregulation. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;55(3):196-207.
16. Perepletchikova F, Nathanson D, Axelrod SR, Merrill C, Walker A, Grossman M, et al. Randomized Clinical Trial of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Preadolescent Children With Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: Feasibility and Outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2017;56(10):832-40.
17. Grabell AS, Li Y, Barker JW, Wakschlag LS, Huppert TJ, Perlman SB. Evidence of Non-Linear Associations between Frustration-Related Prefrontal Cortex Activation and the Normal:Abnormal Spectrum of Irritability in Young Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2018;46(1):137-47.
18. Linke J, Kircanski K, Brooks J, Perhamus G, Gold AL, Brotman MA. Exposure-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: An Evidence-Based Case Study. Behavior Therapy. 2019.
19. Kircanski K, Clayton ME, Leibenluft E, Brotman MA. Psychosocial Treatment of Irritability in Youth. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry. 2018;5(1):129-40.
20. Stringaris A, Goodman R, Ferdinando S, Razdan V, Muhrer E, Leibenluft E, et al. The Affective Reactivity Index: a concise irritability scale for clinical and research settings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2012;53(11):1109-17.
21. Mulraney MA, Melvin GA, Tonge BJ. Psychometric properties of the Affective Reactivity Index in Australian adults and adolescents. Psychological assessment. 2014;26(1):148-55.
22. Abolghasemi A, Narimani M. Psychological tests. Ardabil: Baghe Rezvan; 2005.
23. Hasani J. The Reliability And Validity Of The Short Form Of The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Journal Of Research In Behavioural Sciences 2011;9(4(20)):229-40.
24. Besharat M, Bazzazian S. Psychometri properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in a sample of Iranian population. Advances in Nursing and Midwifery 2014;24(84):61-70.
25. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadockʼs synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry, Mood disorders. 11th ed: Walters Kluwer; 2015.
26. Rao U. DSM-5: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;11:119-23.
27. Stoddard J, Sharif-Askary B, Harkins EA, Frank HR, Brotman MA, Penton-Voak IS, et al. An Open Pilot Study of Training Hostile Interpretation Bias to Treat Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2016;26(1):49-57.
28. Roy AK, Lopes V, Klein RG. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: A New Diagnostic Approach to Chronic Irritability in Youth. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;171(9):918-24.
29. Arlington V. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
30. Beck AT, Young JE. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual: New York; The Guilford Press. Depression. In D. Barlow (Ed.), 1985. pp. 206-244.
31. Bettencourt BA, Talley A, Benjamin AJ, Valentine J. Personality and aggressive behavior under provoking and neutral conditions: a meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin. 2006;132(5):751–77.
32. Garnefski N, Teerds J, Kraaij V, Legerstee J, van den Kommer T. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences. 2004;36(2):267-76.
33. Hayes AM, Feldman G. Clarifying the Construct of Mindfulness in the Context of Emotion Regulation and the Process of Change in Therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 2004;11(3):255-62.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 December 2019
  • Revise Date: 11 February 2020
  • Accept Date: 13 September 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics