The effect of behavioral-cognitive hypnotherapy on improving anxiety and sexual performance ofvaginismuspatients

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction:The aim of the present research was to study the effects of behavioral-cognitive hypnotherapy on anxiety and sexual performance of Vaginismus patients.
Method: Research methodology was according to quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest design. Statistical population included all vaginismus patients within age range of 20-35 yearold in Isfahan, Iran. Research samples were 26 couples selected by available sampling method and assigned into experimental and control groups. While control group was in waiting list, experimental group received behavioral-cognitive hypnotherapy during 2 months interval. All groups were assessed in three steps of pre-test, post-test and follow up by Female Sexual Function Scale(FSFS) and Sexual Anxiety Scale(SAS). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.
Results:The results were shownsignificant difference between the scores of three research stages for all the research variables. Further, the mean scores of all research variables were obtained in two experimental and control groups. Significantlypretest, posttest and follow-up interaction in group membership were also found for all variables.
Conclusion:Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy could improve the sexual anxiety and the sexual function inVaginismus Patients.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1- Bolourian Z, Ganjloo J. Evaluating sexual dysfunction and some related factors in women attending Sabzevar Health Care Centers. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility. 2007; 8(2): 163-70.
2- American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013.
3- Hayes RD, Bennett CM, Fairley CK, Dennerstein L. Epidemiology: What can prevalence studies tell us about female sexual difficulty and dysfunction? The journal of sexual medicine. 2006; 3(4): 589-95.
4- Nusbaum MR, Gamble G, Skinner B, Heiman J. The high prevalence of sexual concerns among women seeking routine gynecological care. Journal of Family practice. 2000; 49(3): 229-32
5- Oniz A, Keskinoglu P, Bezircioglu I. The prevalence and causes of sexual problems among premenopausal Turkish women. The journal of sexual medicine. 2007; 4(6): 1575-81.
6- Badran W, Moamen N, Fahmy I, El-Karaksy A, Abdel-Nasser T, Ghanem H. Etiological factors of unconsummated marriage. International journal of impotence research. 2006; 18(5): 458-63
7- Michetti P, Silvaggi M, Fabrizi A, Tartaglia N, Rossi R, Simonelli C. Unconsummated marriage: can it still be considered a consequence of vaginismus? International journal of impotence research. 2014; 26(1): 28-30.
8- Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock's pocket handbook of clinical psychiatry: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010.
9- Hubin A, De Sutter P, Reynaert C. Etiological factors in female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Sexologies. 2011; 20(3): 149-57.
10- Kashdan TB, Adams L, Savostyanova A, Ferssizidis P, McKnight PE, Nezlek JB. Effects of social anxiety and depressive symptoms on the frequency and quality of sexual activity: A daily process approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011; 49(5): 352-60.
11- Clayton AH. The pathophysiology of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2010; 110(1): 7-11.
12- Dewitte M, Van Lankveld J, Crombez G. Understanding sexual pain: A cognitive‐motivational account. Pain. 2011; 152(2): 251-3.        
13- Bergeron S, Rosen NO, Morin M. Genital pain in women: Beyond interference with intercourse. Pain. 2011; 152(6): 1223-5.
14- Bogart LM, Suttorp MJ, Elliott MN, Clemens JQ, Berry SH. Prevalence and correlates of sexual dysfunction among women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2011; 77(3): 576-80
15- Goldfarb MR, Trudel G, Boyer R, Préville M. Marital relationship and psychological distress: Its
 
 correlates and treatments. Sexual and relationship therapy. 2007; 22(1): 109-26.
16- Byers ES. Relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction: A longitudinal study of individuals in long‐term relationships. Journal of sex research. 2005; 42(2): 113-8.
17- Laurent SM, Simons AD. Sexual dysfunction in depression and anxiety: conceptualizing sexual dysfunction as part of an internalizing dimension. Clinical psychology review. 2009; 29(7): 573-85.
18- Hamid N, Dehghanizadeh Z, Asghar Firuzi A. Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Sexual Function in Women with Vaginismus Disorder. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility. 2012; 15(20).
19- Hartman D. Therapy of Vaginismus by Hypnotic Desensitization. Journal of Heart Centered Therapies. 2010; 13(1): 107-8.
20- Mohamadi A. The effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety and increasing sexual function and marital satisfaction in patients with vaginismus. Master's thesis. General Psychology, University of Isfahan. 2012.
21- Jaberi P, Mehrabi F, Mahyar A. Cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of women with sexual phobia. Journal of thought and behavior. 1999; 5(1): 79-91.
22- Masheb RM, Kerns RD, Lozano C, Minkin MJ, Richman S. A randomized clinical trial for women with vulvodynia: Cognitive-behavioral therapy vs. supportive psychotherapy. pain. 2009; 141(1): 31-40.
23- Araoz D. Hypnosis in human sexuality problems. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 2005; 47(4): 229-42.
24- Kajbaf MB. Sexual psychology (theories and perspectives) Tehran: Ravan Publication. 2012.
25- Hawton K, Salkvous S. Behavioral therapy - cognitive. Tehran: Arjmand Publication. 2012.
26- Meston CM, Hull E, Levin RJ, Sipski M. Disorders of orgasm in women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2004; 1(1): 66-8.
27- Eshghi, R. The effectiveness of behavioral counseling - sexual knowledge on improving women's sexual frigidity in Isfahan, Master's thesis, Clinical Psychology, University of Isfahan. 2006.
28- Kajbaf MB, Faramarzi S, Hossieni F. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on female frigidity and marital intimacy in women frigidity of Bandar Abbas. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy family. 2012; 2(3): 307-21.
29- Salehzadeh M, Kabaf MB, Molavi H, Zolfaghari M. The effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on sexual dysfunction in women. Psychological Studies, Faculty of Education and Psychology University of Alzahra. 2011; 7(1): 11-31.
30- Hoyer J, Uhmann S, Rambow J, Jacobi F. Reduction of sexual dysfunction: by-product of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychological disorders? Sexual and Relationship Therapy. 2009; 24(1): 64-73..
31- Ter Kuile MM, Both S, van Lankveld JJ. Cognitive behavioral therapy for sexual dysfunctions in women. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2010; 33(3): 595-610.
32- Aliakbari Dehkordi M, Mohammadi A, Alipor A, Mohtashami T. The effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on increasing marital adjustment domains in patients with vaginismus.Journal of Applied Consulting. 2012; 2(1): 49-62
33- Fani S. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment of sexual practices on Vazhynysm in Isfahan women. Master's thesis, Counseling Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Khomeini Shahr. 2013.
34- Eserdag S, Zulfikaroglu E, Akarsu S. ve Kadioglu SM. Treatment outcome of 460 women with vaginismus. Eur J Surg Sci. 2011; 2(3): 73-9.
35- Pirfalak M, Sodani M, Shafiabadi A. Even the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing marital boredom. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy family. 2014; 4(2): 247-67.
36- Keshavarzekanferani F. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral techniques to improve sexual dysfunction in women's orgasm.Master's thesis, Azad University of Khomeini Shahr. 2014.
37- Enea V, Dafinoiu I. Cognitive Hypnotherapy in Addressing the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013; 78: 36-40.
38- Badleh M, Fathi M, Aghamohamadiyan H, Ostadi N. Comparison of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy, cognitive - behavioral and cognitive - behavioral therapy on increasing self-esteem in adolescents. Journal of Mental Health. 2013; 15(3): 194-204.
39- Roberston D. A Brief introduction hypnotherapy cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy. 2007.
40. Daved T. Cognitive therapy hypnosis. Mash'had: Bamshad Publication. 2008.
41- Bisson JI. Adding hypnosis to cognitive behavioural therapy may reduce some acute stress disorder symptoms. Evidence-based mental health. 2005; 8(4): 109.
42- Maleki delarstaghi A. Congress on family and sexual problems. Shahed University, Tehran. 2005.
43- KhezriMoghadam N, BaniAsadi H, Kahrazi F. The effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the treatment of chronic tension headache disorder. Journal of Education and Psychology. 2005; 3: 1-16.
44- PourHossien R, Bahrami E. Hypnotherapy in the treatment of Vaginismus: a case report. Proceedings of Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011; (15): 3889-6.
45- Keshavarz A, HeyraniMoghadam A, Akbarzadeh R. Treatment of vaginismus with mental imagery and hypnosis (Case Study).  Third International Conference on Psychology, Counseling and Guidance, Izmir, Turkey. 2012.
46- Biglarkhani B. The effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the treatment of vaginismus. Master's thesis, Tehran Islamic Azad University. 2013.
47- Özcan Ö, Elbozan Cumurcu B, Karlida Ğ R, Ünal S, Aktan Mutlu E, KARTALCI Ş. Attachment styles in women with vaginismus. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2015; 16(1).
48- Lotfifar B, Karami A, Sharifi daramadi P, Fathi M. The effectiveness of hypnosis for anxiety.  Journal of Medicine. 2013; 37(3): 164-70.
49- Ghorbannezhad M. The effectiveness of hypnosis in reducing anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes in Isfahan. Master's thesis in clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University. 2013.
50- Bryant RA, Moulds ML, Nixon RD, Mastrodomenico J, Felmingham K, Hopwood S. Hypnotherapy and cognitive behaviour therapy of acute stress disorder: A 3-year follow-up. Behaviour research and therapy. 2006; 44(9): 1331-5.
51- Alladin A, Alibhai A. Cognitive hypnotherapy for depression: an empirical investigation. Intl Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2007; 55(2): 147-66.
52- Dundas I, Hagtvet KA, Wormnes B, Hauge H. Does self-hypnosis add to the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral intervention against test anxiety? Nordic Psychology. 2013; 65(3): 224-41.
53- Burrows GD, Stanley RO, Bloom PB. International handbook of clinical hypnosis: John Wiley & Sons. 2002
54- Ramezani M, Ghaemmaghami A, Talakar M, Saadat S, Zamani E, Shams J, et al. Reliability and Validity Assessment of Multi-Dimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire in Iran. Iran J Military Med. 2013; 14(4): 249-54.
55- Snell WE. The multidimensional sexual self-concept questionnaire. Handbook of sexuality-related measures. 1998; 521-4.
56- Rosen CB, J. Heiman, S. Leiblum, C. Meston, R. Shabsigh, D. Ferguson, R. D'Agostino, R. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. Journal of Sex &Marital Therapy. 2000; 26(2): 191-208.
57- Mohamadi KH, Heydari M, Faghihzade S. Validity ofthe Persian version of the female sexual function index (FSFI) as an indicatorof women’s sexualfunction. Payesh. 2008;7(3):269-78.
58- Hammond K. A guide hypnotic suggestions and metaphors. Intelligent Signal Processing: Tehran. 1990.
 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 25 August 2017
  • Revise Date: 17 March 2018
  • Accept Date: 12 February 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics