Introduction: The persent study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on Emotion regulation and Distress Tolerance in sub Clinical Examples of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Method: The study was a quasi-experimental studies with pre-post test control group. This study included 20 non-clinical samples with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments used were Madsley Questionnaire, Gross Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Simmons and Gahr Distress Tolerance Questionnaire. The intervention was a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy that was performed in eight sessions. also There was an evaluation session before the eight sessions began. For analyzing the data, the descriptive level of mean and standard deviation and inferential level of multivariate covariance analysis were used. Which was analyzed by spss21 software. Results: Results indicated That's among the emotion regulation subscales, re-evaluation and Repression and among the Distress Tolerance subscales, Tolerance of emotional distress, Being absorbed by negative emotions, Mental distress, Trying to relieve distress There was a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training can be effective on Emotion regulation and distress tolerance of non-clinical obsessive-compulsive samples.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, VA. 2013.
Hale L, Strauss C, Taylor BL. The effectiveness and acceptability of mindfulnessbased therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: a review of the literature. 2013; 4(4): 375-82.
Grados MA, Walkup J, Walford S. Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorders: new findings and Brain Dev. 2003; 25: S55-S61
Ruscio, A. M., Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., & Kessler, R. C. The epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular 2010; 15, 53-63.
Kühn S, Kaufmann C, Simon D, Endrass T, Gallinat J, Kathmann N. Reduced thickness of anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cortex. 2013; 49(8): 2178-85.
Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Kaplan HI. Kaplan and Sadock's concise textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2008; pp:463
Sarah Landmann, Barbara Cludius, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Steffen Moritz, Anne Katrin Külz. Mindfulness predicts insight in obsessive-compulsive disorder over and above OC symptoms: An experience-sampling study. Behaviour Research and Therapy.2019;S0005-7967(19)30135-4
Fergus TA, Bardeen JR. Emotion regulation and obsessive– compulsive symptoms: A further examination of associations. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive & Related 2014; 3(3):243-8.
CarolinePark, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Yena Lee, Zihang Pan, Bing Cao, Michelle Iacobucci, Roger S. McIntyre. The Neural Systems of Emotion Regulation and Abnormalities in Major Depressive Disorder. Behavioural Brain Research.2019; S0166-4328(19)30143-3
Loredana A. Marchica, Devin J. Mills, Matthew T. Keough, Tina C. Montreuil, Jeffrey Derevensky. Emotion Regulation in Emerging Adult Gamblers and its Mediating Role with Depressive Symptomology. Journal of Affective Disorders.2019; S0165 0327(19)31022-5
Gross JJ. Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive and social consequences. Psychophysiology 2002; 39: 191-281.
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment.2004; 26, 41-54.
Cougle JR, Timpano KR, Fitch KE, Hawkins KA. Distress tolerance and obsessions: an integrative analysis. Depression and 2011; 28(10):906-14.
Macatee RJ, Capron DW, Schmidt NB, Cougle JR. An examination of low distress tolerance and life stressors as factors underlying Journal of psychiatric research. 2013; 47(10):1462- 8.
Simons, J., & Gaher, R. The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion. 2005; 29, 83–102.
Leyro, T. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: a review of the empirical literature among Psychological Bulletin. 2010; 136(4), 576.
Joseph K. Carpenter, Jenny Sanford, Stefan G. Hofmann. The Effect of a Brief Mindfulness Training on Distress Tolerance and Stress Reactivity. Boston University Massachusetts General Hospital. 2018; 50:630-645
Judith M. Laposa, Kelsey C. Collimore, Lance L. Hawley, Neil A. Rector.Distress tolerance in OCD and anxiety disorders, and its relationshipwith anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders.2015; 33 (2015) 8–14
Hertenstein E, Rose N, Voderholzer U, Heidenreich T, Nissen C, Thiel N, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in obsessivecompulsive disorder – A qualitative study on patients’ experiences. BMC Psychiatry. 2012; 12:185.
Thomas M. Jones. The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Emotion Regulation, Cognition and Social Skills. European Scientific Journal. 2018; edition Vol.14, No.14 ISSN: 1857 – 7881
Kabat-ZinnJ.Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical psychology: Science & Practice. 2003; 10(2):144-56
Adele M. Hayes, Greg Feldman. Clarifying the Construct of Mindfulness in the Context of Emotion Regulation and the Process of Change in Therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice.2004; Volume11, Issue3 Pages 255-262
Christina M. Luberto, MA, Alison C. McLeish, PhD, Stephanie A. Robertson, BA, Kimberly M. Avallone, MA, Kristen M. Kraemer, BS, Emily R. Jeffries, BA. The Role of Mindfulness Skills in Terms of Distress Tolerance: A Pilot Test among Adult Daily The American Journal on Addictions.2014; 23: 184–188.
Feldman, G., Dunn, E., Stemke, C., Bell, K., & Greeson, J. Mindfulness and rumination as predictors of persistence with a distress tolerance task. Personality & Individual Differences.2014; 56, 154-158.
Hodgson, R.J., & Rachman,S. Obsessional compulsive complains. Behaviour Research and Therapy.1977; 15, 389-395.
Bargh, J. A., & Williams, L. E. On the nonconscious of emotion regulation. In J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation.2007; (pp. 429-445). New York: Guilford Press.
Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. Effects of mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion. 2010; 10, 83-91.
Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. Mechanisms of Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2006; 62(3), 373-386.
Carlson, L. E., Speca, m., Patel, K. D., & Goodey, E. Mindfulness based stress reduction in relation to quality of life mood, symptoms of stress and immune parameters in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychosomatics medicine. 2003; 65, 571-581.
Hosein Esfand Zad A, Shams G, Meysami AP, Erfan A. [The Role of Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, Distress Tolerance and Interpersonal Effectiveness in Predicting Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology. 2017; 22(4):270-28338. [Persian]
Fatemeh Alem Dianati Naeimeh Moheb, Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Reducing Negative Strategies of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Patients with ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder. Scientific-research journal of education and evaluation. 2017; 10(40). 171-188. [persian]
S Taimory, F Ramezani, N Mahjob, The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Group Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Depression and Obsessive Rumination among Women under Methadone Treatment. Addiction research.2015; 9(34): 145-159. [Persian]
Talee-Baktash S, Yaghoubi H, Yousefi R. Comparing the early maladaptive schemas and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and healthy people. Feyz. 2013; 17 (5):471-481
Kaviani H, Hatami N, Shafieabadi A E. The Impact of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on The Quality of Life in Non-Clinically Depressed People. Advances in Cognitive Sciences. 2009; 10 (4):39-48[Persian]
Tull, M. T., Weiss, N. H., Adams, C. E., & Gratz, K. L. The contribution of emotion regulation difficulties to risky sexual behavior within a sample of patients in residential substance abuse treatment. Journal of Addictive Behaviors. 2012; 37, 1084-1092.
Compton, S. N., March, J. S., Brent, D., Albano, A. M., Weersing, R., & Curry, J. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(8):930-59.
Allen, L. B., & Barlow, D. H. Relationship of exposure to clinically irrelevant emotional cues and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behavior 2009; 33, 743-762.
Turkuler-aka, B. (2011). Perceived parenting styles, emotion recognition, and emotion regulation in relation to psychological well-being: Symptoms of depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, and social anxiety. Thesis submittted to the graduate school of social Middle eEast Thechnical University.2011
Rezvan S, Bahrami F, Abedi M. The Effect of Emotional Regulation on Happiness and Mental Rumination of Students. IJPCP. 2006; 12 (3):251-257[Persian]
mostaghni sara, sarvghad sirous, relationship of personality characteristics and psychological hardiness with job stress of nurses of public sector hospital in shiraz.knowledge & research in applied psychology. 2013; 4(50),124-132. [Persian]
Aldao A, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Schweizer S. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(2):217-37.
Howell, A.N., Leyro, T.M., Hogan, J., Buckner, J.D., & Zvolensky, M.J. Anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and discomfort intolerance in relation to coping and confot ty motives for alcohol use and alcohol use problems among young adult drinkers. Addictive Behaviors. 2010; 35(12), 1144-1147.
Nila K, Holt DV, Ditzen B, Aguilar-Raab C. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) enhances distress tolerance and resilience through changes in mindfulness. Ment Health Prev.2016;4(1):36- 41.
Linehan,M.M. Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford.1993.
Parvaneh Mohammad-Khani, Kaite Dabsoun, Fatemeh Hosseini, Freshteh Momeini, Comparison of the Effectiveness Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy and Treatment as Usual on Depression and Additional Symptoms and Other Psychiatric Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology.2011;19-26. [Persian]
Khajezade, P., & Sabahi, P. (2022). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance in Sub-clinical Cases of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13(4), 1-14. doi: 10.22075/jcp.2021.21199.1950
MLA
Peyman Khajezade; Parviz Sabahi. "The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance in Sub-clinical Cases of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13, 4, 2022, 1-14. doi: 10.22075/jcp.2021.21199.1950
HARVARD
Khajezade, P., Sabahi, P. (2022). 'The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance in Sub-clinical Cases of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder', Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13(4), pp. 1-14. doi: 10.22075/jcp.2021.21199.1950
VANCOUVER
Khajezade, P., Sabahi, P. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance in Sub-clinical Cases of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2022; 13(4): 1-14. doi: 10.22075/jcp.2021.21199.1950