اعتباریابی و پایایی سنجی مقیاس توهم لانای – اسلد در نمونه ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: در سال های اخیر علاقه به مطالعه تجارب توهمی و پدیدارشناسی آنها منجر به ایجاد ابزارهایی مانند مقیاس توهم لانای اسلد به منظور استفاده در جمعیت های بالینی و غیربالینی شده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، اعتباریابی و پایایی سنجی این مقیاس در نمونه ایرانی می باشد.
روش: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی است. نمونه ای به حجم 312 نفر (88 نفر مذکر و 224 نفر مؤنث) انتخاب و در کنار 30 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنیا مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. شرکت کننده ها به پرسشنامه های مقیاس توهم لانای – اسلد، شخصیت اسکیزوتایپی و استعداد روان پریشی چپمن پاسخ دادند. داده ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تاییدی، آزمون تحلیل واریانس چند راهه و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تجزیه و تحلیل شد.
یافته ­ها: در تحلیل مؤلفه های اصلی راه حل دو عاملی برای مقیاس توهم لانای – اسلد  استخراج شد، و به ترتیب عامل افکار مزاحم و رویاهای روزانه آشکار، و عامل تجارب توهمی شنیداری و دیداری نام گرفتند. در مقایسه نمرات گروه های مؤنث و مذکر، بین میانگین نمرات مقیاس تفاوتی مشاهده نشد. از نظر اعتبار تمایزی، مقیاس توانست بیماران مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنیا را از افرادسالم تفکیک نماید. اعتبار همزمان با اجرای توام پرسشنامه های مرتبط با نشانه شناسی مثبت روان پریشی ضرایب مطلوبی نشان داد. ضرایب پایایی به روش های همسانی درونی و بازآزمایی بالا محاسبه شدند.
نتیجه­ گیری: بنابر یافته های پژوهش حاضر، مقیاس توهم لانای – اسلددر نمونه ایرانی بعنوان ابزار سنجش تجارب توهمی اعتبار مطلوبی دارد و در تحقیقات مربوط به روان پریشی بعنوان یک ابزار معتبر قابل کاربرد می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The validation and reliability of Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale (LSHS) in Iranian sample

نویسنده [English]

  • A Mohammadzadeh, .
چکیده [English]

Introduction:Recently an increased interest in the hallucinatory experiences and its phenomenology has resulted in a number of measuring tools for using in the clinical and subclinical population including the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale (LSHS). The aim of this study was to investigate validation and reliability of this scale among Iranian sample.
Method: The current study was descriptive research. A sample of 312 normal participants (88 male & 224 female) from university students and 30 patients with schizophrenia disorder took part in this research. Participants responded to Launay-Slade Hallucinations (LSHS), Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA) and Chapmans’s Psychosis Proneness Scales. Data were analyzed by explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, multiple analyses of variance and Pierson correlation coefficient.
Results: Two factor solutions were extracted by Principal Component Analysis that named intrusive thoughts- vivid daydreams & auditory - visual hallucinations.  There were no sex differences among groups. Differential validity was tested by comparing Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale (LSHS) scores between schizophrenic patients and normal people which was differential. Concurrent application of positive psychotic symptom questionnaires was used to calculate the convergent validity that showed acceptable coefficients. The internal constancy and test-retest reliabilities were found to be high.
Conclusion: Based on present study’s results, it was concluded that Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale (LSHS) as a measure of hallucinatory experiences contain good validity and reliability in Iranian population and it can be used as valid measure in researches related to psychosis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale
  • Validity
  • Reliability
  • factor analysis
  • Psychosis
1- Linscott R, Van Os J. An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders. Psychol. Med. 2013; 43(06): 1133-49.
2- Van Os J, Linscott RJ, Myin-Germeys I, Delespaul P, Krabbendam L. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness–persistence–impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychol. Med.2009; 39(02): 179-95.
3- Lenzenweger MF. Schizotypy and schizophrenia: The view from experimental psychopathology: Guilford Press. 2011.
4- Larøi F, Marczewski P, Van der Linden M. Further evidence of the multi-dimensionality of hallucinatory predisposition: factor structure of a modified version of the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale in a normal sample. Eur. Psychiatry. 2004; 19(1): 15-20.
5- Launay G, Slade P. The measurement of hallucinatory predisposition in male and female prisoners. . Pers. Individ. Dif. 1981; 2(3): 221-34.
6- Slade PD, Bentall RP. Sensory deception: A scientific analysis of hallucination: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1988.
7- Strauss JS. Hallucinations and delusions as points on continua function: Rating scale evidence. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1969; 21(5): 581-6.
8- Bentall R, Slade PD. Reliability of a scale measuring disposition towards hallucination: a brief report. Pers. Individ. Dif. 1985; 6(4): 527-9.
9- Levitan C, Ward PB, Catts SV, Hemsley DR. Predisposition toward auditory hallucinations: The utility of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale in psychiatric patients. Pers. Individ. Dif. 1996; 21(2): 287-9.
10- Aleman A, Nieuwenstein MR, Böcker KB, De Haan EH. Multi-dimensionality of hallucinatory predisposition: factor structure of the Launay–Slade Hallucination Scale in a normal sample. . Pers. Individ. Dif. 2001; 30(2): 287-92.
11- Morrison AP, Wells A, Nothard S. Cognitive factors in predisposition to auditory and visual hallucinations. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 2000; 39(1): 67-78.
12- Waters FA, Badcock JC, Maybery MT. Revision of the factor structure of the Launay–Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS-R). Pers. Individ. Dif.  2003; 35(6): 1351-7.
13- Kendler KS, Walsh D. A New Classification for the Psychoses? Reply. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1999; 56(7): 672-3.
14- Rankin PM, O'carroll PJ. Reality discrimination, reality monitoring and disposition towards hallucination. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 1995; 34(4): 517-28.
15- Chapman LJ, Chapman JP, Raulin ML. Scales for physical and social anhedonia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1976; 85(4): 374.
16- Chapman LJ, Chapman JP, Raulin ML. Body-image aberration in schizophrenia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1978; 87(4): 399.
17- Eckblad M, Chapman LJ. Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1983; 51(2): 215.
18- Kwapil TR, Barrantes-Vidal N, Silvia PJ. The dimensional structure of the Wisconsin schizotypy scales: Factor identification and construct validity. Schizophr. Bull. 2007; 34(3): 444-57.
19- Winterstein BP, Willse JT, Kwapil TR, Silvia PJ. Assessment of score dependability of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales using generalizability analysis. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 2010; 32(4): 575-85.
20- Mohammadzadeh A. Validating a set of short form scales of measuring psychotic characteristics. [Unpublished Research Project]. In press 2017. [Persian].
21- Jackson M, Claridge G. Reliability and validity of a psychotic traits questionnaire (STQ). Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 1991; 30(4): 311-23.
22- Rawlings D, Claridge G, Freeman JL. Principal components analysis of the schizotypal personality scale (STA) and the borderline personality scale (STB). . Pers. Individ. Dif. 2001; 31(3): 409-19.
23- Mohammadzadeh A, Goodarzi M, Taghavi M, Mollazadeh M. The study of factor structure, validity, reliability and standardization of Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA). J. Psychol. 2007; 41: 3-27. [Persian].
24- Kwapil TR, Barrantes-Vidal N. Schizotypy: looking back and moving forward. Schizophr. Bull.. 2014;41(suppl_2):S366-S73.
25- Thorndike RL. Applied psychometrics: Houghton Mifflin. 1982.
26- Fabrigar LR, Wegener DT, MacCallum RC, Strahan EJ. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychol. Methods. 1999; 4(3): 272.
27- Thompson B. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications: American Psychological Association. 2004.
28- Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub. 2013.
29- Chan RC, Shi H-s, Geng F-l, Liu W-h, Yan C, Wang Y, et al. The Chapman psychosis-proneness scales: Consistency across culture and time. Psychiatr. Res. 2015; 228(1): 143-9.
30- Ohayon MM. Prevalence of hallucinations and their pathological associations in the general population. Psychiatr. Res. 2000; 97(2): 153-64
31- Cheyne JA, Rueffer SD, Newby-Clark IR. Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations during sleep paralysis: neurological and cultural construction of the night-mare. Conscious. Cogn. 1999; 8(3): 319-37.
32- Cheyne JA, Newby‐Clark IR, Rueffer SD. Relations among hypnagogic and hypnopompic experiences associated with sleep paralysis. J. Sleep Res. 1999; 8(4): 313-7.
33- Ghamari-Givi H, Molavi P, Heshmati R. Exploration of the Factor Structure of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. J. Clinic. Psychol. 2010; 2(6): 1-10. [Persian].
34- Mohammadzadeh A, Dabiri S. Validation of Long Forms Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ): DSM-IV-TR's Nine Criteria Measure. J. Clinic. Psychol. 2010; 3(10): 67-77. [Persian].