مقایسه اثربخشی رفتاردرمانی‌شناختی، واقعیت درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر راهبردهای مقابله‌ای، کیفیت زندگی و سلامت عمومی ‌مراقبین بیماران مزمن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول: دکتری روانشناسی سلامت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه روان شناسی بالینی،دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی،دانشگاه خوارزمی ،تهران،ایران

4 دکترای روانشناسی بالینی، مربی ارشد مؤسسه بین‌المللی ویلیام گلاسر

چکیده

مقدمه: بیماری‌های مزمن، یکی از بزرگ‌ترین چالش‌های سیستم بهداشتی سراسر جهان  محسوب می شود که هزینه‌های مالی، روانی و جسمی ‌زیادی را به‌همراه دارد. با توجه به تداوم این بیماری‌ها و افزایش تمایل بیماران به مراقبت‌های غیربیمارستانی، فرآیند مراقبت­گری احتمالا بر کیفیت ­زندگی و سلامت عمومی اعضای خانواده خصوصاً مراقب اصلی تاثیر می گذارد. لذا این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی رفتار­درمانی‌شناختی، واقعیت‌درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر کیفیت زندگی، سلامت عمومی ‌و راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مراقبین بیماران مزمن انجام شد.
روش: این پژوهش به‌صورت یک مطالعه نیمه‌آزمایشی (پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه کنترل) طراحی و اجرا شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل مراقبین افراد مبتلا به بیماری سرطانی در بیمارستان شهدای تجریش و مراقبین بیماران مبتلا به بیماران ام­اس ثبت شده در انجمن ام­اس تهران تشکیل می‌دادند. یک نمونه کل ۴۵ نفری به‌صورت داوطلب انتخاب و در دو گروه مداخله آزمایشی و یک گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. کلیه آزمودنی ها در دو وهله پیش آزمون و پس آزمون پرسشنامه‌های سلامت عمومی، مقیاس راهبردهای مقابله‌ای و پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی را تکمیل کردند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که هر سه مداخله رفتاردرمانی‌شناختی، واقعیت‌درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد توانست نسبت به گروه کنترل تاثیر معنی‌داری در میانگین  متغیرهای وابسته  تحقیق ایجاد نماید. همچنین مداخله رفتاردرمانی‌شناختی نسبت به دو روش دیگر، تغییرات بارزتری در نمره سلامت‌عمومی، کیفیت زندگی ‌و راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مراقبین داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: اثربخشی هر سه مداخله رفتاردرمانی‌شناختی، واقعیت ‌درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر سلامت عمومی، راهبردهای مقابله‌ای و کیفیت زندگی مراقبین بیماران، مورد تایید است. مداخله رفتاردرمانی شناختی، نسبت به دو روش مداخله دیگر ارجحیت داشته و واقعیت درمانی کمترین میزان اثر را نشان داد.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing Effectiveness of the Cognitive-behavioral Therapy, Reality Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Quality of Life, General Health, and Coping Strategies of Chronic Patient’s Caregivers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Bani Hashemi 1
  • Mohammad Hatami 2
  • Jafar Hasani 3
  • ali sahebi 4
1 Doctor of Health Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor،Department of clinical Psychology،kharazmi University،Tehran،Iran
4 Associate Professor, William Glaser Institute, Australia
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The chronic diseases has long been great challeng in the healthcare system worldwide, with huge financial, psychological and physical costs. Given the persistence of these diseases and increased  patients tendency for non-hospital care, the care processes may impact the quality of life and general health of family members, particularly the primary caregiver. The  aim of this study then was  to compare the effectiveness of Congnitive-behavioral Therapy, Reality Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on quality of life, general health and coping strategies of chronic patient caregivers.
Method: This study was designed and conducted as a semi-experimental study (pre-test and post-test with control group). The statistical population of this study included caregivers of people with cancer in Shohada Hospital of Tajrish and caregivers of patients with MS registered in the Tehran MS Association. A total sample of 60 subjects were selected on a voluntary basis and divided into 3 exprimental groups and a control group. All subjects were completed the General Health Questionnaire, the  Coping Response Inventory , and the Quality of Life Questionnaire in the pretest and post test occations.
Results: The results of this study showed that all three interventions of cognitive behavioral therapy, reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy could significantly impact the means of the study dependent variables compared to the control group. Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions compared to other methods revealed more robust changes in the general health scores, quality of life, and coping strategies in caregivers.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of all three interventions in cognitive-behavioral therapy, reality therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy on caregivers public health, quality of life and coping strategies, are confirmed. The cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention is prefered compared to the other two methods, and reality therapy showed the minimum effect.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • reality therapy
  • acceptance and commitment therapy
  • quality of life
  • general health
  • coping strategy
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