چالش‌های روانشناختی و تحولی افراد در قرنطینه در پاندمی COVID-19: یک مطالعه کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم‌تربیتی، دانشگاه خاتم، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی دانشگاه خاتم تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

4 دکتری روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم‌تربیتی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: بیماری کووید 19 در اواخر دسامبر ۲۰۱۹ بسیار سریع همه دنیا را فرا‌گرفت که در پی آن افراد وارد قرنطینه ‌خانگی شدند.گرچه زندگی در قرنطینه با پیامد‌های روانشناختی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی همراه است، اما مواجهه افراد در این شرایط، متفاوت و قابل تأمل می‌باشد که در این مطالعه با نگاه روانپویشی به آن پرداختیم.
روش‌ها: این پژوهش به روش کیفی و تحلیل محتوا صورت گرفته است. فرایند گردآوری داده‌ها مشتمل بر ۱۰ مصاحبه نیمه ساختار‌یافته با افراد تحت شرایط قرنطینه ۳ ماهه از ابتدای شروع بیماری در ایران، صورت گرفته است. نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت هدفمند در تهران، در سال ۱۳۹۹ آغاز و تا اشباع داده‌ها ادامه یافت. تحلیل داده‌ها همزمان با جمع‌آوری داده‌ها و به روش آنالیز محتوای کیفی انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به استخراج ۵ طبقه اصلی شد که بیانگر تجربیات و احساسات و انواع مواجهه با شرایط حاضر است که شامل: ترس و اضطراب، انواع مواجهه با شیوع بیماری، ارتقاء سطح بهداشت، موضع‌گیری نسبت به مبتلایان و رشد تحت فشار می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: افراد در برخورد با شرایط پیش رو رفتارهای متفاوتی از خود نشان داده‌اند که ناشی از مکانیزم های دفاعی آنان بوده‌است و از رهگذر این شرایط به تجربه و درک جدیدی نائل آمده‌اند. باتوجه به بروز احساسات منفی روانشناختی، این پژوهش اطلاعاتی در اختیار روانشناسان و فعالان حوزه روان در جهت پیشگیری و درمان قرار می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Psychological challenges of people in Quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Mousavi Almaleky 1
  • Faezh Farhad 2
  • Behrouz Golmohammadi 3
  • Marzie Hashemi 4
1 Master Student of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
4 PhD in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Following the outbreak of COVID-19, people started to exercise quarantine. With all the psychological, economic, and social implications of the quarantine at home, an interesting topic has been the differences in the way different individuals have encountered these implications.
Methods: In the study, a psychodynamic approach was followed to investigate this topic using a qualitative methodology based on the content analysis. The data was collected through a total of 10 semi-structured interviews with individuals who have exercised a 3-month quarantine. Samples were taken via purposive sampling in Tehran, with the sampling process started in 2020 and continued until data saturation was achieved. Simultaneously with data collection, data analysis was performed via qualitative content analysis.
Results: Based on the analysis results, five principal classes were extracted, which represented the experiences and feelings about and the type of encountering the then-new conditions. These included the fear and anxiety, different approaches to the outbreak of the disease, improvement of the health level, taking attitude toward the patients, and growth under pressure.
Conclusion: Considering the emergence of negative psychological feelings, the research tends to provide psychologists and other practitioners in the field of the psychology with valuable information that can be used for prevention and treatment purposes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • quarantine
  • encountering
  • COVID-19
  • defense mechanism
  • content analysis
  1. منابع

    1. 1.  Abachizadeh A. Review of Future Trends of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic Based on Developed Forecasting Models in the World. Salamat Ijtimai (Community Health). 2020; 7(2):221-230.

    2. Wu JT, Leung K, Leung GM. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. The Lancet. 2020.

    3. World health Organizations, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report–65. 25 March. 2020.

    4. Chakraborty I, Maity M, COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention, Science of The Total Environment, 2020, 728, 138882

    5. Farnoosh G, Alishiri G, Hosseini Zijoud SR, Dorostkar R, Jalali Farahani A. Understanding the 2019-novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Based on Available Evidence - A Narrative Review. J Mil Med. 2020; 22 (1):1-11.

    6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quarantine and isolation. 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/index.html (accessed Jan 30, 2020).

    7. Aghaei M H, Ebadi A, Aliakbari F, Vafadar Z. The Effectiveness of Crisis Management Education Based on Inter-Professional Approach on Military Nurses’ Ability to Confront with Crisis. J Mil Med. 2020; 22 (1):54-63.

    8. Koolaee AK. Living in home quarantine: analyzing psychological experiences college student’s in covid-19. J Mil Med. 2020; 22 (1): 1-9.

    9. Liu C, Wang H, Zhou L, Xie H, Yang H, Yu Y, et al. Sources and symptoms of stress among nurses in the first Chinese anti-Ebola medical team during the Sierra Leone aid mission: A qualitative study. International journal of nursing sciences. 2019; 6 (2): 187-91

    10. Sun N, Wei A. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. AJIC. 2020; 48: 592-598.

    11. Brooks S, Webster R, Smith L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin G. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020.

    12. Sharma, K., Saji, J., Kumar, R., & Raju, A. (2020). Psychological and Anxiety/Depression Level Assessment among Quarantine People during Covid19 Outbreak. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10(3), 198-201.

    13. Dehkordi A.M, Eisazadeh F, Aghjanbaglu S. Psychological Consequences of Patients with Coronavirus (COVID- 19): A Qualitative Study. Iranian Journal of Health Psychology. 2020; 4(2): 9-20.

    14. Hsiu-Fang, H. Sieh & Shannon, S. E. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. qualitative health research. November 2005

    15. Abedi, HA. Qualitative research in nursing. kankash pub,esfahan,1385;15, [Persian].

    1. 16.  Cope DG. Methods and meanings: credibility and trustworthiness of qualitative research. In Oncology nursing forum 2014; 41(1):89-91.

    17. Ghorbani N. From line to triangle of conflict, Binesh no, 2018, 84, [Persian].

    18. Frederickson J. Co-Creating Change effective dynamic therapy techniques. Seven leaves press, 2013, 28.

    19. Berne, E., Transactional analysis in psychotherapy, Souvenir Press, p. 2001. 83.

    1. 20.  Phelan AL, COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable and lega challenges. The Lancet, 395(10237), 2020, 1595-1598.

    21. Van den Bulck J, Custers K. Television exposure is related to fear of avian flu, an Ecological Study across 23 member states of the European Union. Eur J Public Health. 2009.19(4): 370– 374. Published online 2009 May 18. doi: 10.1093/ eurpub/ckp061.

    22. McDonnell W M, Nelson D S, & Schunk J E. Should we fear “flu fear” itself? Effects of H1N1 influenza fear on ED use. Am J Emerg Med. 2012. 30: 275– 282.

    1. 23.  Rubin, G. J., Wessely, S. The psychological effects of quarantining a city. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2020. 368, m313.

    24. Kanadiya M K, & Sallar A M. Preventive behaviors, beliefs, and anxieties in relation to the swine flu outbreak among college students aged 18-24 years. J Public Health. 2011. 19(2): 139- 145.

    25. Cheng S, Wong C, Tsang J, & Wong K. Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Psycho Med. 2004. 34(7): 1187-1195.

    26. Taylor S. The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Newcastle upon Tyne. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2019.

    27. Bhatia MS, Goyal S, Singh A, et al. COVID-19 pandemic–induced panic disorder. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2020. 22(3): 20l02626.

    28. Tyrer P, Tyrer H. Health anxiety: detection and treatment. B J Psych Advances. Cambridge University Press. 2018. 24(1):66–72.

    29. Stein D J, Kogan C S, Atmaca M, et al. The classification of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in the ICD-11. J Affect Disord. 2016. 190: 663–74.

    30. Taylor S, & Asmundson G J G. Treating health anxiety: A cognitive-behavioral approach. New York. Guilford, 2004.

    31. Heydari H. Investigating the effect of emotional competency training on educational burnout, academic conflict, spiritual health and high-risk behaviors of students with a tendency to go to work in Khorramabad. [M. A. Dissertation]. Lorestan University; 2020.

    32. Fatemi M, Vahyani M.A Study of Women's Spiritual Experiences and Women's Responsibility in Family Cohesion. JWPS 15(2). 185-203.

    33. Mirzayi N. Investigating the role of spirituality in the quality of family communication. The First International Conference on Humanities with Indigenous-Islamic Approach and Emphasis on New Research.2015, 12-20.